What physiological changes occur in the lungs during deep dives?

During deep dives, one significant physiological change that occurs in the lungs is an increased risk of pulmonary barotrauma, particularly during rapid ascents. As a diver descends, the pressure around them increases, affecting the volume of air in their lungs. If a diver ascends too quickly, the gas within the lungs expands due to the decrease in surrounding pressure. This expansion can cause the lung tissues to stretch and potentially rupture, leading to pulmonary barotrauma.

Understanding this risk is crucial for divers as it reinforces the importance of controlled ascents and adhering to safety protocols, including decompression stops, to prevent rapid changes in pressure that could exacerbate this risk.

In contrast, decreased gas exchange efficiency, less oxygen absorption, and increased lung capacity do not accurately describe the physiological changes that occur during deep dives. The lungs do not experience a decrease in gas exchange efficiency purely due to depth; rather, the increased ambient pressure can affect how gases are absorbed and expelled in the lungs. While lung capacity may not increase significantly, it is essential for divers to understand these dynamics to ensure safe diving practices.